References
Ahlbom E, Prins GS et al. Testosterone protects
cerebellar granule cells from oxidative stress-induced cell death
through a receptor mediated mechanism. Brain Res. 2001 Feb
23;892(2):255-62.
Ahmed SR, Boucher AE et al. Transdermal testosterone therapy in the
treatment of male hypogonadism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988
Mar;66(3):546-51.
Ali H, Baig M et al. Relationship of serum and seminal plasma zinc
levels and serum testosterone in oligospermic and azoospermic infertile
men. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2005 Nov;15(11):671-3.
Anderson RA, Bancroft J et al. The effects of exogenous testosterone
on sexuality and mood of normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992
Dec;75(6):1503-7.
Barrett-Connor E, Goodman-Gruen D et al. Endogenous sex hormones and
cognitive function in older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999a
Oct;84(10):3681-5.
Barrett-Connor E, Von Muhlen DG et al. Bioavailable testosterone and
depressed mood in older men: the Rancho Bernardo Study. J Clin
Endocrinol Metab. 1999b Feb;84(2):573-7.
Bhasin S. Effects of testosterone administration on fat
distribution, insulin sensitivity, and atherosclerosis progression.
Clin Infect Dis. 2003;37(suppl 2):S142-S149.
Boyanov MA, Boneva Z et al. Testosterone supplementation in men with
type 2 diabetes, visceral obesity and partial androgen deficiency.
Aging Male. 2003 Mar;6(1):1-7.
Boyle P, Robertson C et al. Updated meta-analysis of clinical trials
of Serenoa repens extract in the treatment of symptomatic benign
prostatic hyperplasia. BJU Int. 2004 Apr;93(6):751-6.
Carnahan RM, Perry PJ. Depression in aging men: the role of testosterone. Drugs Aging. 2004;21(6):361-76.
Cavallini G, Caracciolo S et al. Carnitine versus androgen
administration in the treatment of sexual dysfunction, depressed mood,
and fatigue associated with male aging. Urology 2004 Apr;63(4):641-6.
Cherrier MM, Asthana S et al. Testosterone supplementation improves
spatial and verbal memory in healthy older men. Neurology. 2001 Jul
10;57(1):80-8.
Cherrier MM, Plymate S et al. Relationship between testosterone
supplementation and insulin-like growth factor-I levels and cognition
in healthy older men. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2004 Jan;29(1):65-82.
Cohen PG. The hypogonadal-obesity cycle: role of aromatase in
modulating the testosterone-estradiol shunt: a major factor in the
genesis of morbid obesity. Med Hypotheses. 1999 Jan;52(1):49-51.
Colantoni A, Emanuele MA et al. Hepatic estrogen receptors and alcohol intake. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2002 Jul 31;193(1-2):101-4.
Dambe JE, Bergh A et al. The acute effect of estrogens on
testosterone production appears not to be mediated by testicular
estrogen receptors. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1983;31(1):105-16.
Davidson JM, Kwan M, et al. Hormonal replacement and sexuality in men. Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1982 Nov;11(3):599-623.
Debruyne F, Koch G et al. Comparison of a phytotherapeutic agent
(Permixon) with an alpha-blocker (Tamsulosin) in the treatment of
benign prostatic hyperplasia: a 1-year randomized international study.
Eur Urol. 2002 May;41(5):497-506.
Dobrzycki S, Serwatka W et al. An assessment of correlations between
endogenous sex hormone levels and the extensiveness of coronary heart
disease and the ejection fraction of the left ventricle in males. Med
Invest. 2003 Aug;50(3-4):162-9.
Dunning TL, Ward GM. Testosterone replacement therapy: perceptions
of recipients and partners. J Adv Nurs. 2004 Sep;47(5):467-74.
Dzugan SA, Arnold SR. Hypercholesterolemia treatment: a new
hypothesis or just an accident? Med Hypotheses. 2002 Dec;59(6):751-6.
Ebert T, Jockenhovel F et al. The current status of therapy for
symptomatic late-onset hypogonadism with transdermal testosterone gel.
Eur Urol. 2005 Feb;47(2):137-46.
Eng ET, Williams D et al. Anti-aromatase chemicals in red wine. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002 Jun;963:239-46.
Fiorelli G, Picariello L et al. Estrogen synthesis in human colon
cancer epithelial cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1999 Dec
31;71(5-6):223-30.
Gambelunghe C, Rossi R et al. Effects of chrysin on urinary
testosterone levels in human males. J Med Food. 2003 Winter;6(4):387-90.
Gann PH, Hennekens CH et al. A prospective study of plasma hormone
levels, nonhormonal factors, and development of benign prostatic
hyperplasia. Prostate. 1995 Jan;26(1):40-9.
Gansser D, Spiteller G. Plant constituents interfering with human
sex hormone-binding globulin: evaluation of a test method and its
application to Urtica dioica root extracts. Z Naturforsch C. 1995
Jan-Feb;50(1-2):98-104.
Gerber GS, Fitzpatrick JM. The role of a lipido-sterolic extract of
Serenoa repens in the management of lower urinary tract symptoms
associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia. BJU Int. 2004
Aug;94(3):338-44.
Giannakopoulos X, Baltogiannis D et al. The lipidosterolic extract
of Serenoa repens in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a
comparison of two dosage regimens. Adv Ther. 2002 Nov;19(6):285-96.
Goldstat R, Briganti E et al. Transdermal testosterone therapy
improves well-being, mood, and sexual function in premenopausal women.
Menopause. 2003 Sep-Oct;10(5):390-8.
Hak AE, Witteman JC et al. Low levels of endogenous androgens
increase the risk of atherosclerosis in elderly men: the Rotterdam
study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Aug;87(8):3632-9.
Hammond J, Le Q et al. Testosterone-mediated neuroprotection through
the androgen receptor in human primary neurons. J Neurochem. 2001
Jun;77(5):1319-26.
Harman SM 2005. Testosterone in older men after the Institute of
Medicine Report: where do we go from here? Climacteric. 2005
Jun;8(2):124-35.
He F, Feng L. Effects of some micronutrients on partial androgen
deficiency in the aging male [in Chinese]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2005
Oct;11(10):784-6.
Herbst KL, Bhasin S. Testosterone action on skeletal muscle. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2004 May;7(3):271-7.
Hirano T, Homma M et al. Effects of stinging nettle root extracts
and their steroidal components on the Na+,K(+)-ATPase of the benign
prostatic hyperplasia. Planta Med. 1994 Feb;60(1):30-3.
Hogervorst E, Bandelow S et al. Low free testosterone is an
independent risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Exp Gerontol. 2004
Nov-Dec;39(11-12):1633-9.
Hryb DJ, Khan MS et al. The effect of extracts of the roots of the
stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) on the interaction of SHBG with its
receptor on human prostatic membranes. Planta Med. 1995 Feb; 61(1):31-2.
Janowsky JS, Chavez B et al. Sex steroids modify working memory. J Cogn Neurosci. 2000 May;12(3):407-14.
Janowsky JS, Oviatt SK et al. Testosterone influences spatial cognition in older men. Behav Neurosci. 1994 Apr;108(2):325-32.
Jeppesen LL, Jorgensen HS et al. Decreased serum testosterone in men
with acute ischemic stroke. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1996
Jun;16(6):749-54.
Jiang H, Chen Z. Studies on sex hormone-binding globulin in the
prostate [in Chinese]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2004 Jun;10(6):443-4, 8.
Kaya O, Gokdemir K et al. Zinc supplementation in rats subjected to
acute swimming exercise: its effect on testosterone levels and relation
with lactate. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2006 Apr 25;27(1-2):267-70.
Kellis JT Jr, Vickery LE. Inhibition of human estrogen synthetase
(aromatase) by flavones. Science. 1984 Sep 7;225(4666):1032-4.
Kilic M, Baltaci AK et al. The effect of exhaustion exercise on
thyroid hormones and testosterone levels of elite athletes receiving
oral zinc. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2006 Apr 25;27(1-2):247-52.
Killinger DW, Perel E et al. The relationship between aromatase
activity and body fat distribution. Steroids. 1987
Jul-Sep;50(1-3):61-72.
King JA, De Oliveira WL et al. Deficits in testosterone facilitate
enhanced fear response. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2005
May;30(4):333-40.
Kley HK, Deselaers T et al. Enhanced conversion of androstenedione
to estrogens in obese males. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1980a
Nov;51(5):1128-32.
Kley HK, Edelmann P et al. Relationship of plasma sex hormones to
different parameters of obesity in male subjects. Metabolism. 1980b
Oct;29(11):1041-5.
Krieg M, Nass R et al. Effect of aging on endogenous level of 5
alpha-dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, estradiol, and estrone in
epithelium and stroma of normal and hyperplastic human prostate. J Clin
Endocrinol Metab. 1993 Aug;77(2):375-81.
Kris-Etherton PM, Hecker KD et al. Bioactive compounds in foods:
their role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Am J
Med. 2002 Dec 30;113(suppl 9B):71S-88S.
Lichius JJ, Muth C. The inhibiting effects of Urtica dioica root
extracts on experimentally induced prostatic hyperplasia in the mouse.
Planta Med. 1997 Aug;63(4):307-10.
Lopatkin N, Sivkov A et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of a
combination of sabal and urtica extract for lower urinary tract
symptoms: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial. World
J Urol. 2005 Jun;23(2):139-46.
Marin P, Holmang S et al. The effects of testosterone treatment on
body composition and metabolism in middle-aged obese men. Int J Obes
Relat Metab Disord. 1992b Dec;16(12):991-7.
Marin P, Krotkiewski M et al. Androgen treatment of middle-aged,
obese men: effects on metabolism, muscle and adipose tissues. Eur J
Med. 1992a Oct;1(6):329-36.
Misao R, Nakanishi Y et al. Levels of sex hormone-binding globulin
and corticosteroid-binding globulin mRNAs in corpus luteum of human
subjects: correlation with serum steroid hormone levels. Gynecol
Endocrinol. 1999 Apr;13(2):82-8.
Moffat SD, Zonderman AB et al. Longitudinal assessment of serum free
testosterone concentration predicts memory performance and cognitive
status in elderly men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Nov;87(11):5001-7.
Moger WH. Direct effects of estrogens on the endocrine function of
the mammalian testis. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1980 Sep;58(9):1011-22.
Morgentaler A. Testosterone replacement therapy and prostate risks: where’s the beef? Can J Urol. 2006 Feb;13(suppl 1):40-3.
Morley JE. Testosterone and behavior. Clin Geriatr Med. 2003 Aug;19(3):605-16.
Nankin HR, Calkins JH. Decreased bioavailable testosterone in aging
normal and impotent men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1986
Dec;63(6):1418-20.
Okun MS, DeLong MR et al. Plasma testosterone levels in Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. Neurology. 2004 Feb 10;62(3):411-3.
Orengo CA, Fullerton G et al. Male depression: a review of gender
concerns and testosterone therapy. Geriatrics. 2004 Oct;59(10):24-30.
Pardridge WM. Serum bioavailability of sex steroid hormones. Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1986 May;15(2):259-78.
Phillips GB. Relationship between serum sex hormones and the
glucose-insulin-lipid defect in men with obesity. Metabolism. 1993
Jan;42(1):116-20.
Purohit V. Can alcohol promote aromatization of androgens to estrogens? A review. Alcohol. 2000 Nov;22(3):123-7.
Rabkin JG, Wagner GJ et al. Testosterone therapy for human
immunodeficiency virus-positive men with and without hypogonadism. J
Clin Psychopharmacol. 1999 Feb;19(1):19-27.
Ready RE, Friedman J et al. Testosterone deficiency and apathy in
Parkinson's disease: a pilot study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004
Sep;75(9):1323-6.
Rhoden EL, Morgentaler A. Risks of testosterone-replacement therapy
and recommendations for monitoring. N Engl J Med. 2004 Jan
29;350(5):482-92.
Rucker D, Ezzat S et al. IGF-I and testosterone levels as predictors
of bone mineral density in healthy, community-dwelling men. Clin
Endocrinol (Oxf). 2004 Apr;60(4):491-9.
Safarinejad MR. Urtica dioica for treatment of benign prostatic
hyperplasia: a prospective, randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled, crossover study. J Herb Pharmacother.
2005;5(4):1-11.
Salminen EK, Portin RI et al. Associations between serum
testosterone fall and cognitive function in prostate cancer patients.
Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Nov 15;10(22):7575-82.
Schaeffer EM, Walsh PC et al. Risks of testosterone replacement. N Engl J Med. 2004 May 6;350(19):2004-6.
Schottner M, Gansser D et al. Lignans from the roots of Urtica
dioica and their metabolites bind to human sex hormone binding globulin
(SHBG). Planta Med. 1997 Dec;63(6):529-32.
Schweiger U, Deuschle M et al. Testosterone, gonadotropin, and
cortisol secretion in male patients with major depression. Psychosom
Med. 1999 May-Jun;61(3):292-6.
Seidman SN, Walsh BT. Testosterone and depression in aging men. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1999 Winter;7(1):18-33.
Severi G, Morris HA et al. Circulating steroid hormones and the risk
of prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006
Jan;15(1)86-91.
Shibata Y, Ito K et al. Changes in the endocrine environment of the
human prostate transition zone with aging: simultaneous quantitative
analysis of prostatic sex steroids and comparison with human prostatic
histological composition. Prostate. 2000 Jan;42(1):45-55.
Shores MM, Moceri VM et al. Low testosterone is associated with
decreased function and increased mortality risk: a preliminary study of
men in a geriatric rehabilitation unit. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004
Dec;52(12):2077-81.
Steiner MS, Raghow S. Antiestrogens and selective estrogen receptor
modulators reduce prostate cancer risk. World J Urol. 2003
May;21(1):31-6.
Talalay P, Fahey JW. Phytochemicals from cruciferous plants protect
against cancer by modulating carcinogen metabolism. J Nutr. 2001
Nov;131(suppl 11):3027S-33S.
Tenover JL. Male hormone replacement therapy including “andropause.” Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am. 1998;27(4):969-87.
Tok EC, Ertunc D et al. The effect of circulating androgens on bone
mineral density in postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 2004 Jul
15;48(3):235-42.
Valimaki VV, Alfthan H et al. Serum estradiol, testosterone, and sex
hormone-binding globulin as regulators of peak bone mass and bone
turnover rate in young Finnish men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004
Aug;89(8):3785-9.
van den Beld AW, de Jong FH et al. Measures of bioavailable serum
testosterone and estradiol and their relationships with muscle
strength, bone density, and body composition in elderly men. J Clin
Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Sep;85(9):3276-82.
Van Look PF, Frolich M. Effects of ethinyloestradiol on plasma
levels of pituitary gonadotrophins, testicular steroids and sex hormone
binding globulin in normal men. Clin Endocrinol. 1981 Mar;14(3):237-43.
Walle UK, Galijatovic A et al. Transport of the flavonoid chrysin
and its conjugated metabolites by the human intestinal cell line
Caco-2. Biochem Pharmacol. 1999 Aug 1;58(3):431-8.
Waynberg J. Aphrodisiacs: contributions to the clinical evaluation
of the traditional use of Ptychopetalum. Paper presented at: the First
International Congress on Ethnopharmacology; June 1990; France.
Wilt T, Ishani A et al. Serenoa repens for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;3:CD001423.
Wright JV, Lenard L. Maximize Your Vitality and Potency. Petaluma, Calif: Smart Publications; 1999.
Zhang Y, Champagne N et al. Estrogen and androgen protection of
human neurons against intracellular amyloid beta1-42 toxicity through
heat shock protein 70. J Neurosci. 2004 Jun 9;24(23):5315-21.
Zhao SP, Li XP. The association of low plasma testosterone level
with coronary artery disease in Chinese men. Int J Cardiol. 1998 Jan
31;63(2):161-4.
Zmuda JM, Fahrenbach MC. The effect of testosterone aromatization on
high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and postheparin lipolytic
activity. Metabolism 1993 Apr;42(4):446-50.