The endothelium is the thin barrier that separates circulating bloodfrom the smooth muscle interior of the artery. Healthy endothelialcells help to maintain a normal cardiovascular system. Aging, poorlifestyle habits and nutrition can lead to endothelial problems whichcan lead to fatigue, atherosclerosis, blood pressure problems and othervascular disorders.

Propionyl-L-Carnitine (PLC) plays an important role in protecting the function and health of endothelial cells.1-3PLC passes across the mitochondrial membrane to supply carnitinedirectly to the energy-producing organelles of all cells. Carnitine isessential for mitochondrial fatty acid transport and energy production.This is important because endothelial cells burn fatty acids for 70percent of their energy.4

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a critical component of the cellularenergy cycle. When administered orally to rabbits, ATP increased bloodflow, reduced vascular resistance, and increased arterial oxygenpressure.5 In baboons, ATP infusions increased cerebral blood flow by nearly 50 percent and boosted oxygen consumption in the brain.6

Peak ATP™ is a patented brand of ATP that has been tested in humanand animal studies. Peak ATP™ is readily absorbed and boostscirculating ATP levels.7-9Red blood cells release ATP to produce endothelial vasodilation, orwidening of the arteries. Ensuring adequate red blood cell pools of ATPto help regulate vascular tone is critical to maintaining circulatoryhealth.10

For the first time, Americans have access to proprionyl-L-carnitineand Peak ATP™, two nutrients that are critical for optimal endothelialfunction and structural integrity .

References
1. Available at http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0779147.html. Accessed July 26, 2005.
2.Rubanyi GM. The role of endothelium in cardiovascular homeostasis anddiseases. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1993;22 Suppl 4:S1-14.
3. Available at http://www.medreviews.com/pdfs/articles/RIU_5Suppl7_S21.pdf. Accessed July 25, 2005.
4.Kaiser KP, Feinendegen LE. Planar scintigraphy versus PET in measuringfatty acid metabolism of the heart. Herz. 1987 Feb;12(1):41- 5.Kichenin K, Seman M. Cronic oral administration of ATP modulatesnucleoside transport and purine metabolism in rats. J Pharmacol ExpTher. 2000 July;294(1):126-33.
6. Van Aken H, Puchstein C, Fitch W,Graham DI. Haemodynamic and cerebral effects of ATP-inducedhypotension. Br J Anaesth. 1984 Dec;56(12):1409-16.
7. Kichenin K,Decollogne S, Angignard J, Seman M, Cardiovascular and pulmonaryresponse to oral administration of ATP in rabbits. J Appl Physiol. 2000Jun;33(6):1962-8..
9. US patent 5,049,372. US patent 5,227,371.
10.Ellsworth ML, Forrester T, Elias CG, Dietrich HH. The erythrocyte as aregulator of vascular tone. Am J Physiol 1995 Dec;269 (6 Pt2):H2155-61.

PEAK ATP™ is a trademark of Technical Sourcing International, Inc.and is protected by U.S. Patent Nos. 5,227,371 and 5,049,372 and otherpatents pending. GlycoCarn™ is a trademark of Sigma-tau HealthScience,Inc. and is protected by U.S. patent No. 6,703,042 B1.